Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv hauv cov hlau txiav dawb suav nrog S, Pb, Ca thiab P. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. nyhuvntawm sulfur (S)
Sulfur forms MnS suav nrog Mn hauv cov hlau, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov matrix, ua rau cov nti nkig, txo qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm cov nti thiab cov cuab yeej, thiab tseem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txo kev sib txhuam, kom cov nti tsis ua raws. mus rau qhov txiav ntug. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj leej faj yuav ua rau kub brittleness ntawm cov hlau, yog li cov ntsiab lus sulfur yuav tsum tau txwv rau qhov ntau ntawm w (s) {0}}.10 feem pua ~ 0.30 feem pua , thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Mn yuav tsum tsim nyog nce kom phim nrog nws.
2. nyhuvLead (Pb)
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Pb tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau. Raws li Pb tsis yaj rau hauv ferrite los yog tsim cov tebchaw hauv cov hlau, nws tsim cov khoom zoo (2 ~ 3 μ m) Nws yog sib npaug hauv cov qauv matrix. Thaum lub tshav kub generated nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txiav mus txog lub melting point ntawm Pb hais, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib tug melting lub xeev thiab dhau los ua "lubricant" ntawm lub cuab tam thiab cov nti nrog rau nruab nrab ntawm lub cuab tam thiab lub machined nto ntawm lub workpiece, txo tus nqi. Kev sib txhuam coefficient, ntsuas kub thiab hnav. Tus nqi ntawm Pb ntxiv yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm w (Pb)=0.1 feem pua - 0.35 feem pua .
3. Cov nyhuv ntawm Calcium (Ca)
Ca tuaj yeem tsim cov silicate suav nrog Ca thiab Al hauv cov hlau, uas tuaj yeem txuas rau lub cuab yeej los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab, uas muaj cov haujlwm ntawm kev txo kev sib txhuam thiab tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej hnav. Tus nqi ntxiv ntawm Ca feem ntau yog w (Ca)=0.001 feem pua - 0.005 feem pua .
4. nyhuvPhosphorus (P)
P yog ntxiv rau cov sulfur dawb txiav steel kom nws cov khoom soluble hauv ferrite, ua rau muaj zog thiab embrittlement, thiaj li txhim kho nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv "txias brittleness", w (P) Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.15 feem pua yog teev.
